Organ and prenatal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually defined as those agents that inhibit one or more reactions involved in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, important mediators of the inflammatory process in many organs and tissues. They find use in horses in the supportive treatment of a variety of systemic states and painful musculoskeletal or soft tissue conditions. T...

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Kidney

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2 of cyclooxygenase (COX). Renal side effects (e.g., kidney function, fluid and urinary electrolyte excretion) vary with the extent of COX-2-COX-1 selectivity and the administered dose of these compounds. While young healthy subjects will rarely experience adverse renal effects with the use of NSAIDs, elderly pa...

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prostatic Diseases

Prostatic diseases are characterized by increased activity of cytokines, growth factors, and cyclooxygenases- (COX-) 1 and 2. Activation of COX-1 and COX-2 results in increased levels of prostaglandins and the induction of angiogenic, antiapoptotic and inflammatory processes. Inhibition of COX enzymes by members of the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class of drugs decre...

Nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular risk.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which exist in at least two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. Aspirin and older agents in this class are nonselective inhibitors of both COX-1 and COX-2. Newer agents termed "coxibs" are selective inhibitors of COX-2. Among the NSAID, only aspirin has been proven to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk, primarily th...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the heart.